With the arrival of "Pink October"—Breast Cancer Awareness Month—calls are renewed to raise awareness about the disease, recognize its signs, and encourage early detection and prompt medical care. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide; in 2024, approximately 2.4 million women were diagnosed with the disease, and around 694,000 deaths occurred globally.
About 80% of breast cancer cases occur in women with no specific modifiable risk factors, other than gender and age. Other risk factors include advancing age, obesity, harmful alcohol consumption, family history, prior radiation exposure, certain reproductive factors, smoking, and post-menopausal hormone therapy. Certain inherited genetic mutations—specifically BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2—also increase the risk. Although the disease primarily affects women, men account for approximately 0.5–1% of cases.
Signs Not to Be Ignored
Breast cancer may manifest as a new lump or area of ​​thickening, a change in breast size or shape, skin changes (such as redness or dimpling), nipple changes, or abnormal or bloody discharge. While most breast lumps are not cancerous, any new or unusual change warrants a medical consultation, even in the absence of pain.
Breast cancer often originates in the milk ducts or the milk-producing lobules; in advanced stages, it may spread to the lymph nodes and other organs. Therefore, detecting the disease at an early stage offers a better opportunity to benefit from treatment.
Early Detection and Treatment
Early detection relies on recognizing symptoms and promptly seeking medical advice if any changes occur, alongside undergoing appropriate screenings for target groups in accordance with health guidelines. Mammography is one of the screening methods used for asymptomatic women, in line with local recommendations.
Treatment varies depending on the cancer type, stage, and characteristics; it may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Identifying the tumor's biological characteristics helps in selecting the appropriate treatment. Furthermore, starting treatment early and adhering to the full treatment plan are crucial factors for improving outcomes.
Comprehensive Care
Breast cancer patients require care that extends beyond treating the tumor to include healthy nutrition, physical activity, rehabilitation, psychosocial support, and palliative care when needed. A multidisciplinary medical team plays a vital role in supporting the patient and enhancing her ability to manage daily activities and maintain a good quality of life.
During "Pink October," the most important message is this: do not wait for pain to seek help. Paying attention to any unusual changes, obtaining timely medical evaluation, and adhering to treatment are essential steps toward minimizing breast cancer complications and improving the chances of controlling the disease.