Sudan is an agricultural country and a food basket for Africa and the world. With the Russian-Ukrainian crisis entering its second year, the turmoil in Sudan adds an additional burden to global food security. Sudan has about 200 million acres of arable land, in addition to the availability of irrigation water and clean old and renewable energy sources, and about 80% Of the Sudanese population, they work in agriculture, which represents 33% of the gross domestic product. Sudan cultivates many important crops, such as cotton, wheat, corn, sesame, cotton, and beans. The actual exploiter of agricultural land is small despite the huge potential of the agricultural sector in Sudan, as the cultivated area represents about 33% of the arable area. Sudan can achieve food security for neighboring countries and the Arab world by expanding the use of modern agricultural technologies. Sudan produces cotton, gum arabic, sesame, peanuts, and corn is Al-Rafaia is the main food crop. Wheat is grown for local consumption, and sesame and peanuts are grown for local consumption and for export.
Sudan is one of the richest Arab and African countries with its livestock, as it ranks first at the Arab and African level, and sixth in the world, with a wealth of 103 million heads, including 30 million cows, 37 million sheep, 33 million goats, 3 million camels, in addition to 45 million Of poultry and fish wealth estimated at about 100 thousand tons. Sudan has three sectors: grazing, crop production and fish farming. Many animals are exported, especially cows, sheep, and camels, and production problems, in addition to veterinary services, diseases, transportation, financing, and investment, along with the problems facing exports, remain among the biggest challenges facing the economy.
Since 2004, the prices of most cereals began to rise. Although there was an increase in production, demand growth was greater and food stocks were depleted. In 2005, food production was affected due to climate changes in the major food-producing countries. By 2006, cereal production decreased by 2.1 percent. % In 2007, successive increases in oil prices led to an increase in fertilizer prices and other costs of food production. The steady rise in prices prompted countries to impose restrictions on exporting foodstuffs to support their markets, and some importers tended to buy grains at any price to maintain domestic supplies. . The Corona pandemic came to produce inflationary pressures and increase the cost of food, then the world receives the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which are a major source of grain and energy, and finally the crisis in Sudan comes, which increases pressure on global food security. In 2019, Sudan faced an economic crisis due to high inflation rates and high prices for food, medicine and other commodities. After months of civil protests, a transitional government was formed in September 2019. It seeks a "new social contract" with the people, prioritizing peace and economic reform, to achieve the second sustainable development goal of ending hunger and improving nutrition.
The large numbers of displaced people including refugees from neighboring countries, the volatile economic situation, the increasing climate changes, environmental degradation, the spread of diseases, malnutrition, gender inequality, and the current conflict between the army forces and the Rapid Support Forces present serious challenges related to hunger.
Sudan continues to face persistently high levels of acute malnutrition and stunting, which pose a significant public health problem. The national rate of acute malnutrition worldwide - that is, severely doubled for height - is 14.1%. About 2.7 million children suffer from wasting annually, and nearly 522,000 children suffer from acute malnutrition.
The World Food Program stated that the number of people suffering from severe food insecurity and facing hunger and malnutrition during the coming months in Sudan reaches 2-2.5 million people, which may rise to 19 million in the period between the next three and six months if the conflict continues between the army and the support forces. According to the Food Program 2023 report, 16.8 million Sudanese, out of a total population estimated at 45 million, were suffering from acute food insecurity, an increase of one million people over last year. The United Nations warned that West Darfur, Kordofan, Blue Nile and Red Sea states and North Darfur. You will be the most affected
The report indicated that in March 2023, 14.8 million Sudanese families were unable to purchase the basic "food basket" and warned that if the conflict continued, the price of the basket could rise by 25% in the period between three and six months.

Dr. Abdel Moneim Sedky...Professor, Animal Production Research Institute - Egypt